Over the last decades, Luxembourg has developed and cemented its position as a prime holding location and a major financial centre within Europe. Multinational enterprises and international investors alike use Luxembourg as a platform to manage their business activities and investments.

Luxembourg companies may enter into diverse commercial and financial transactions with associated enterprises. The prices charged in regard to these controlled transactions are called transfer prices. For Luxembourg tax purposes, these prices have to adhere to the “arm’s length principle”.

The arm’s length principle is the international transfer pricing standard that OECD member countries have agreed should be used for tax purposes by MNE groups and tax administrations. The arm`s length principle requires that the consideration for any transaction between related parties conform to the level that would have been agreed if the transaction were to have taken place between unrelated parties under comparable circumstances.

The arm’s length principle is firmly ingrained in Luxembourg tax law and has been explicitly stated in article 56 of the Luxembourg Income Tax Law (LITL). In addition, several concepts and provisions under Luxembourg tax law require the arm’s length standard to be respected by Luxembourg companies.

As a member of the OECD, Luxembourg adheres to the organization’s Transfer Pricing Guidelines  which reflect the consensus of OECD Member countries towards the application of the arm’s length principle as provided in article 9(1) of the OECD Model Tax Convention. Notably, this provision is frequently included in tax treaties concluded by Luxembourg.

Transfer pricing and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines received a lot of attention during the OECD/G20 in their Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative. 4 of the 15 BEPS Actions aimed at providing new or changing existing transfer pricing guidance and related documentation requirements. As a result thereof, several chapters of the OECD Guidelines have been significantly amended or replaced in the 2017 Revision thereof.

In 2020, a new chapter X has been added to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines that provides guidance on transfer pricing aspects of financial transactions which are a common phenomenon in Luxembourg.

On 18 December 2020, the OECD further provided guidance on the application of the arm’s length principle and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines to issues that may arise or be exacerbated in the context of the so-called COVID-19 pandemic and the financial turmoil resulting from government responses thereto.

This book analyses all facets of Luxembourg transfer pricing rules and relevant guidance in the 2020 version of the OECD Guidelines. As such, it should enable readers to develop a sound understanding of transfer pricing in Luxembourg.